In Chapter $12($p$.432),$ we described a study reporting that college students who are on Facebook $($or have it running in the background$)$ while studying had lower grades than students who did not use the social network $($Kirschner & Karpinski, $2010).$ A researcher

would like to know if the same result extends to students in lower grade levels. The researcher planned. a two$-$factor study comparing Facebook users with non$-$users for middle school students, high school students, and college students. For consistency across groups, grades were converted into six categories, numbered $0$ to $5$ from low to high. The results are presented in the following matrix.

User Middle School: $3,5,5,3$

User High School: $5,5,2,4$

User College: $5,4,2,5$

Non$-$User Middle school: $5,3,2,2$

Non$-$User High School: $1,2,3,2$

Non$-$User College: $1,0,0,3$

b$.$ Describe the pattern of results.

c$.$ Calculate the $\backslash$eta $2$ values to measure the effect size for the two main effects and interaction.

e$.$ Conduct pairwise comparison $($posthoc test$)$ and report findings.

f$.$ Write results in APA style.