In civil engineering, determining the beam flexural design strength for minor$-$ and major$-$axis bending involves understanding the behavior of beams under different loading conditions.

Minor$-$axis bending: Refers to bending about the weaker axis of a beam cross$-$section. This type of bending typically results in lower flexural design strength due to the reduced section modulus along the minor axis.

Major$-$axis bending: Occurs when the beam bends about its stronger axis. The flexural design strength for major$-$axis bending is influenced by factors such as the section modulus, material properties, and applied bending moment.

Objective Type Question:

Which statement accurately describes the determination of beam flexural design strength for minor$-$ and major$-$axis bending in civil engineering?

A$)$ The flexural design strength for minor$-$axis bending in a beam is typically lower than that for major$-$axis bending due to the reduced section modulus along the minor axis.

B$)$ Beam flexural design strength for minor$-$axis bending is primarily influenced by the material properties of the beam, such as yield strength and modulus of elasticity.

C$)$ The design strength for major$-$axis bending in a beam is typically calculated using the formula: Moment of inertia $/$ Maximum allowable bending stress.

D$)$ Beam flexural design strength for major$-$axis bending is independent of the beam's cross$-$sectional shape and dimensions.

E$)$ Minor$-$axis bending design strength is primarily determined by the depth of the beam, regardless of its width or cross$-$sectional shape.