In civil engineering, soil compaction is a critical process for enhancing the stability and load$-$bearing capacity of soil. Explain the theory behind soil compaction, detailing factors influencing compaction such as soil type, moisture content, and compaction effort. Discuss the significance of achieving the desired compaction density and uniformity to ensure optimal engineering properties like shear strength and permeability. Highlight the methods used for soil compaction, including mechanical methods like vibratory rollers and compaction tests such as the Proctor test. Illustrate the importance of proper compaction in construction projects to prevent settlement, improve foundation support, and ensure long$-$term structural integrity.