$"$In civil engineering, what theoretical frameworks inform the design and construction of resilient infrastructure to withstand natural disasters and environmental changes, considering factors like material science, structural dynamics, geotechnical principles, and risk analysis? Additionally, how do these theories integrate with modern technologies such as computer$-$aided design $($CAD$),$ finite element analysis $($FEA$),$ and Building Information Modeling $($BIM$)$ to optimize infrastructure performance and ensure safety and sustainability?"