In each of the following examples, indicate which variable is the explanatory variable and which is the response variable. a. The anticoagulant warfarin is often used as a pesticide against house mice, Mus musculus. Some populations of the house mouse have acquired a mutation in the vkorc1 gene from hybridizing with the Algerian mouse, M. spretus (Song et al. 2011). In the Algerian mice, this gene confers resistance to warfarin. In a hypothetical follow-up study, researchers collected a sample of house mice to determine whether presence of the vkorc1 mutation is associated with warfarin resistance in house mice as well. They fed warfarin to all the mice in a sample and compared survival between the individuals possessing the mutation and those not possessing the mutation. b. Cooley et al. (2009) randomly assigned either of two treatments, naturopathic care (diet counseling, breathing techniques, vitamins, and an herbal medicine) or standardized psychotherapy (psychotherapy with breathing techniques and a placebo added), to 81 individuals having moderate to severe anxiety. Anxiety scores decreased an average of 57% in the naturopathic group and 31% in the psychotherapy group.

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