In early $2015$

$,$

Ford Motor$($F$)$ had a book value of equity of $ $24\mathrm{.}5$

$$billion$,3\mathrm{.}3$

billion shares$$ outstanding, and a market price of $ $16\mathrm{.}34$

per share. Ford also had cash of $ $21\mathrm{.}7$

$$billion$,$ and total debt of $ $118\mathrm{.}6$

billion. Three years$$ later, in early $2018$

$,$

Ford had a book value of equity of $ $34\mathrm{.}8$

$$billion$,4\mathrm{.}8$

billion shares outstanding with a market price of $ $11\mathrm{.}95$

per$$ share, cash of $ $26\mathrm{.}8$

$$billion$,$ and total debt of $ $156\mathrm{.}5$

billion. Over this$$ period, what was the change in$$ Ford's

a$.$ market$$ capitalization?

b$.$ market$-$to$-$book ratio?

c$.$ enterprise$$ value?