in essay form Developing Methods to Account for Measurement Error 1. Use of Reliability Coefficients: Report and interpret the reliability coefficients of assessments to indicate the degree of measurement error. This data informs clinicians about the expected consistency of the test scores across repeated administrations (Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994). 2. Confidence Intervals: Provide confidence intervals around test scores to represent the range within which an individual's true score may lie. This statistical approach allows for the consideration of measurement error when interpreting results (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2009). 3. Error Theory Application: Apply theories of measurement error (such as Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory) to understand and mitigate the effects of measurement error on assessment results systematically (Embretson & Reise, 2000)