In Fig. $14-50,$ water flows through a horizontal pipe and then out into the atmosphere at a speed $v_1.$ The diameters of the left and right sections

of the pipe are $d_2,$ and

$d_1.($a$)$ What volume of water flows into the atmosphere during a period $P?$ In the left section of the pipe, what are $($b$)$ the speed $v_2$ and $($c$)$ the gauge pressure?