In order to access higher-level knowledge and skills such as mathematical modeling, the national research council's five strands of mathematical proficiency are an excellent framework for it.The five strands are conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, andproductive disposition(Barham, 2020).

Use these questions to guide your response.

1. What experiences have you had with each of the five strands in in your mathematics education classes?
2. How could you and your students benefit from keeping these different dimensions of mathematical proficiency in mind? What parts could be challenging?
3. How can the five strands be used to assess proficiency in mathematical models and modeling?
4. What would indicate students' achievement of conceptual understanding and productive disposition in mathematical models and modeling?

Add 2-3 citations and references.