In stakeout the elevation difference to a design elevation

$($a$)$ requires the prism pole's height of target to be adjusted until the correct zenith angle is realized

$($b$)$ is always performed by differential leveling

$($c$)$ is written on a stake and labelled as up or down

$($d$)$ cannot be performed by RTK GPS due to errors in the geoid model

If you are surveying near the coast in Maine

$($a$)$ you can assume a combined factor of $1\mathrm{.}0000000$

$($b$)$ your ellipsoid heights will be more positive than your elevations

$($c$)$ you need not worry about geoid separation as you are near sea level

$($d$)$ the ellipsoid surface is approximately $25-30$ meters above the ground

The CORS network

$($a$)$ has eliminated the need for proper PDOP when using GPS

$($b$)$ provides base station coverage in Maine for RTK GPS

$($c$)$ provides internet downloadable raw GPS data to all surveyors

$($d$)$ provides the ellipsoid to elevation conversion required in GPS

The convergence angle

$($a$)$ converts a ground horizontal angle to its grid value

$($b$)$ is used to convert a solar observation to a geodetic azimuth

$($c$)$ is zero if one is on the central meridian of a state plane zone

$($d$)$ converts a grid azimuth to its magnetic equivalent

Low Distortion State plane type coordinate projections

$($a$)$ were developed to ensure RTK GPS would solve for plane coordinates

$($b$)$ is designed to deliver ground distances using simple Pythagorean theorem

$($c$)$ converts ellipsoid heights to elevation

$($d$)$ solves the problem of two state planes zones overlapping

One of the items normally changed in state plane NAD $83$ vs$.$ state plane NAD $27$ was

$($a$)$ scale factor

$($b$)$ false easting

$($c$)$ latitude origin

$($d$)$ central meridian

RTK GPS localization in the field

$($a$)$ divides all state plane coordinates by a combined factor

$($b$)$ is solved by using CORS stations in a solution

$($c$)$ requires published ellipsoid heights

$($d$)$ provides a $3-$D coordinate transformation into an arbitrary coordinate system