Question: In structural engineering, how does the theory of plasticity differ from the theory of elasticity, and what are its implications for the design of structures?

In structural engineering, how does the theory of plasticity differ from the theory of elasticity, and what are its implications for the design of structures? Discuss the fundamental principles of the theory of plasticity, including yield criteria, plastic deformation, and load redistribution. How do civil engineers apply these theoretical concepts to design structures that can withstand extreme loading conditions, such as earthquakes or explosions? What are the challenges in accurately modeling plastic behavior in materials?

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