In talking about the global $q,,$ the best firms are able to maximize the cost advantages in the "earlier" parts$/$activities $($sourcing$,$ logistics$,$ warehousing, design, manufacturing, etc.$)$ and then benefitting from customization and focus in the "later" parts$/$activities $($advertising$,$ sales, retail management, customer relations, service, etc.$).$

Strategy approach.

Integration.

Competitiveness scale.

Management practices.

Value chain