In the example involving the RSA $2011$ breach, which of the following accurately describe the vulnerability and exploitation process?

The vulnerability was fixed by ensuring the Flash Player sanitized input, preventing future attacks of this kind.

The breach exploited a flaw in the Adobe Flash Player$$s input handling mechanism, where malformed input allowed code execution.

The attack used a spear$-$phishing technique to trick an executive into downloading malicious software that exploited the system$$s Authenticity.

The Flash vulnerability was purely a correctness issue, which adversaries turned into a security vulnerability by providing malformed input.