In the last module, you learned about spine$-$and$-$leaf architecture and the improvements this design offers over the older, three$-$tiered architecture. Some of the advantages of this design are improved redundancy, decreased latency, increased performance, improved scalability, increased security, and reduced expense. The spine$-$and$-$leaf switch architecture is especially adaptable to newer networking technologies, such as virtualization and hybrid cloud. Do some research online about spine$-$and$-$leaf architecture and respond to the following questions:

What is oversubscription ratio, what is an appropriate oversubscription ratio for a network, and how does this help you choose the number of leaf switches in a network?

How do you determine how many spine switches a network needs?