Include the chapter numbers (e.g. "Chapter 4") before the questions. Spell out your answer completely As "True" or "False".

The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allow courts discretion to try a case although the plaintiff's complaint does not assert a cause of action.

The defendant has the burden of proving an affirmative defense.

Reasonable reliance on a misrepresentation is an essential element in a cause of action for fraud.

Consent is a complete defense to an action in trespass.

A plaintiff's mere perception of threat of physical harm is sufficient to establish a cause of action for assault.