Indicate whether each statement below is true or false. If false, explain why. a) Sampling error can be eliminated by selecting an unbiased sample b) Randomization helps to ensure that the sample is representative. c) Sampling error refers to sample-to-sample differences and is also known as sampling variability. d) It is better to try to match the characteristics of the sample to the population rather than relying on randomization. a) Select the correct answer below. O A. True O B. False; sampling error can only be avoided with a strictly biased sample O C. False; sampling error cannot be avoided, even with the unbiased samples. O D. False; sampling error cannot be avoided unless a random sampling method is used. b) Select the correct answer below. O A. True O B. False; there is no way to ensure that the sample is representative. O C. False; randomization creates a bias where the whole population may not be equally represented. O D. False; cluster sampling helps to ensure that the sample is representative. c) Select the correct answer below. O A. False; sampling error refers to the residuals, or the differences between the actual values and the estimated values. O B. False; sampling error refers to sample-to-sample differences and is also known as a sample bias. O C. False; sampling error refers to any inaccuracy in a response, from any source, whether intentional or unintentional. O D. True d) Select the correct answer below. O A. False; convenience sampling will match the characteristics of the sample to the population since it consists of only those individuals who are available. O B. False; randomization will match the characteristics in a way that is unbiased. One cannot possibly think of all the characteristics that might be important or match the sample to the population on all of them. O C. True O D. False; randomization will match all characteristics of the sample to the population in a manner which is unbiased with respect to a particular characteristic