Indicate whether the following actions would increase, decrease, or not affect Indigo Inc.$\text{'}$s total assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity:

Line Item Description Assets Liabilities Stockholders' Equity

a$.$ Authorizing and issuing stock certificates in a stock split

b$.$ Declaring a stock dividend

c$.$ Issuing stock certificates for the stock dividend declared in $($b$)$

d$.$ Declaring a cash dividend

e$.$ Paying the cash dividend declared in $($d$)$