Infrastructure challenges proved the most important issue for air transport development, but investment in projects were said to vary across the globe, such as in China where money is being pumped into developing infrastructure, but it is less in other regions, while whether passengers shoulder the cost of improvements also came under the microscope. Profitability battles in aviation was also high on the agenda. We are in a period of sustained growth in volume, but not necessarily profitability. These include airports, and air navigation services, who do not make a profit and do not cover their long-term capital costs. How air transport managers should react on this issue? (25 marks)