Introduction $(1$ marks$)$:

$$ Briefly introduce the concept of technological innovation.

$$ Highlight its importance in the global context and its relevance to KSA.

Historical Context $(2$ marks$)$:

$$ Provide an overview of KSA's technological landscape before the initiation of Vision $2030.$

$$ Discuss the government's initiatives to promote technological innovation as part of Vision $2030.$

Impact $(3$ marks$)$:

$$ Economic Development: Discuss how technological innovations have contributed to diversifying the economy beyond oil, focusing on sectors like renewable energy, tourism, and digital infrastructure.

$$ Societal Impact: Analyse the effects of technological advancements on education, healthcare, and urban living in KSA. Include examples of significant technological projects or initiatives.

Challenges and Opportunities $(2$ marks$)$:

$$ Identify and discuss the challenges KSA faces in implementing technological innovations, such as resource allocation, skill gaps, and cultural resistance.

$$ Highlight the opportunities that technological advancements present for KSA's future, including job creation, international collaboration, and sustainable development.

Conclusion and Recommendations $(1$ mark$)$:

$$ Summarize your findings and propose recommendations for KSA to maximize the benefits of technological innovation while mitigating potential drawbacks.

References $(1$ Mark$)$

$$ Cite at least five reputable sources to support your arguments and claims.

$$ Use proper citation formatting.