IP$-$based VPN and LAN$-$based L$2$TP are tunneling protocols that should be employed for

Question $19$ options:

external access control.

internal access control.

both internal and external access control.

neither internal nor external access control.

Question $20($Mandatory$)(1$ point$)$

In Linux$/$Unix$,$ the chmod command

Question $20$ options:

changes between Windows and Linux$/$Unix$.$

assigns least privilege.

can only be used by the administrator.

changes the assigned privilege.

Question $21($Mandatory$)(1$ point$)$

Privilege escalation is typically used by

Question $21$ options:

linux users.

rootkits.

Windows users.

administrators.

Question $22($Mandatory$)(1$ point$)$

After running the copy on write $($COW$)$ exploit, one has the

Question $22$ options:

kernel process privileges.

root privileges.

guest pivileges.

user privileges.

Question $23($Mandatory$)(1$ point$)$

In contemporary OSs, the OS code, device drivers, memory management code and kernel are in memory area called

Question $23$ options:

ring $0.$

ring $1.$

ring $2.$

ring $3.$

Question $24($Mandatory$)(1$ point$)$

Buffer overflow can occur

Question $24$ options:

only in user space but not in kernel space.

only in kernel space but not in user space.

neither in user space nor in kernel space.

in both user space and kernel space.

Question $25($Mandatory$)(1$ point$)$

Mobile devices are vulnerable to attacks because

Question $25$ options:

they have no security.

of the free apps.

they are networked.

they have credit card information.