is a collaborative arrangement where two or more companies join forces to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes.

is a collaborative arrangement whereby two companies join forces to defeat certain rivals which both companies are having

trouble competing against.

involves two or more companies joining forces to pursue forward and$/$or backward vertical integration.

is a collaborative arraryement whereby two companies join forces to reduce their production costs by manufacturing and

assembling their products in a jointly owned$-$and$-$operated plant.

is a partnership between two or more companies that is typically aimed at enhancing their own individual capabilities to pursue

attractive new market opportunities with their own customized competitive strategies.