Question: is any essential element and / or standard by which a lawful officer may make a valid arrest, conduct a personal or property search, or

is any essential element and/or standard by which a lawful officer may make a valid arrest, conduct a personal or property search, or obtain a warrant.
Proof beyond a shadow of a doubt
Reasonable suspicion
Proof beyond reasonable doubt
Probable cause
 is any essential element and/or standard by which a lawful officer

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