is it passed by reference or by value (the one between parentheses) thank you

and how do i tell them apart

struct Asset { string type; string title; vector auth; int YOP; string ISBN; int libID; int tot; int avl; }; void Parser(const string& str, Asset& ast) { string temp = ""; //temporary container to extra int i = 0; //and index that will go through all 1/ for reading the type of asset while (str[i] != ';') { temp = temp + str[i]