is the kingdom protista monophyletic, polyphyletic, or paraphyletic

A Common ancestor of paraphyletic B group B + C + D A paraphyletic group (green box) includes the C common ancestor and Common ancestor of some, but not all, of the polyphyletic group D ancestor's decendants. E +F +G E A polyphyletic group F (orange box) does not include the common ancestor of the group. G H A monophyletic group A monophyletic group can (blue box) includes the be removed from the tree common ancestor and with a single "cut." db all descendants of that Common ancestor / ancestor. of monophyletic group H + 1 + J LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY 12e, Figure 20.13 2020 Oxford University Press Figure 20.13 Monophyletic, Polyphyletic, and Paraphyletic Groups Monophyletic groups are the basis of taxa in modern biological classifications. Polyphyletic and paraphyletic groups are not appropriate for use in classifications because they do not accurately reflect evolutionary history