It encompasses principles such as structural mechanics, materials science, and engineering mathematics. These principles are applied to assess the strength, stability, and performance of various structural components and systems under different loading conditions. Structural analysis techniques, including finite element analysis and structural dynamics, are utilized to predict and optimize the behavior of structures, ensuring safety and durability. Civil engineers rely on structural analysis to design resilient and cost$-$effective buildings, bridges, dams, and other infrastructure projects, meeting structural integrity requirements and regulatory standards.