Jerome chose not to take off work after the passing of an immediate family member. He has not taken the time to grieve, which has negatively affected his ability to remain engaged at work and complete his tasks successfully. These circumstances have ultimately contributed to his negative attitude toward his co-workers and manager. Which term best describes the behaviour Jerome is exhibiting in the workplace?

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a

Resistance

b

Absenteeism

c

Bereavement

d

Presenteeism

Kyle is strongly motivated by his feeling of accomplishment after attaining goals. This strong valence toward this sense of accomplishment is what type of reward in relation to Vroom's expectancy theory?

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a

Extrinsic reward

b

External reward

c

Intrinsic reward

d

Instrumental reward