Jim Bolton is attempting to use a problem$-$solving approach in his Business Law class. He presents his students with a case study taken from a widely publicized event that illustrated uncertainty in whether or not a large business is in compliance with government regulations. He models an analysis of the case study, including the process of identifying the problem goal, representing the problem, selecting and implementing a strategy, and evaluating the results.

He then presents the students with another case study and has them attempt to apply the steps he has modeled. In this second case study, which is slightly different from the first, the students$-$with Jim's guidance$-$determine that their task is to determine why the second business is not in compliance. Again with his guidance, the students decide that they will first identify the regulations that might be relevant to the information in the second case study. The students then work in pairs to identify the regulations that they believe the company is violating and why they believe the company is violating these regulations. Finally, Jim conducts a whole$-$class discussion in which the students offer different views about whether or not their conclusions are valid.

Of the following, which strategy for improving our students' problem solving abilities is Jim best applying by having his students work in pairs to analyze the second case study and identify the regulations they believe the company is violating and why they believe the company is violating those regulations?

Present problems in real$-$world contexts.

Develop students' expertise with worked examples.

Capitalize on social interaction.

Encourage sense making.