Job Role: Software Developer Evident Issues: Vague job responsibilities: The job responsibilities of a software developer were not well$-$defined, leading to confusion and overlapping tasks. This resulted in inefficiencies and duplicated efforts. Lack of career progression: The job design lacked a clear career progression path. Software developers felt stuck in their roles and were not motivated to learn and grow their skills. Recommendations for Improvement: Clarify job responsibilities: Conduct a job analysis to identify the specific tasks and responsibilities of a software developer. This will help create a more defined role and prevent confusion. Provide training and growth opportunities: Establish a career progression plan that provides software developers with clear paths for learning and growth. This will motivate them to develop their skills and increase their job satisfaction. Job Role: Customer Service Representative Evident Issues: High stress levels: The customer service representative role involved dealing with difficult customers and handling complex issues. The job design lacked support and work$-$life balance, leading to high levels of stress and burnout. Limited growth opportunities: The job design lacked a clear career progression path, leaving customer service representatives feeling stuck in their roles. This resulted in low job satisfaction and retention rates. Recommendations for Improvement: Conduct regular performance reviews: Implement a performance review system to provide customer service representatives with feedback and guidance on their development. This will help create a sense of growth and motivate them to perform better. Offer skill$-$building opportunities: Provide training and development programs to help customer service representatives build their skills and knowledge. This will make the job more engaging and provide a path for career advancement. Final answer: In both examples, the lack of clarity in job responsibilities and the absence of career progression led to issues in job design and employee satisfaction. By conducting job analysis and designing jobs that provide clear responsibilities, growth opportunities, and support, organizations can improve employee motivation, job satisfaction, and overall job performance.