Joe gets up every day to work at a local office supply company and has done the same job for over $25$ years. Because he only has $5$ years to go before his retirement, he tends to lack enthusiasm about his career or about progressing within the company. He is motivated exclusively by the fact that he has bills to pay and anticipates that he will be paid for the work that he performs on a daily basis. Theorists would describe Joe's performance is most closely aligned with