Question: John and Peter have each generated a public and private key pair. However, they do not know each others keys yet. Now they are trying

John and Peter have each generated a public and private key pair. However, they do not know each others keys yet. Now they are trying to exchange a message M over a network.

a) What is the procedure to exchange the message confidentially, if only passive attacks need to be considered?

b) What can be done to mitigate the risk if active attacks are possible?

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