John Kopchinski, a former Pfizer sales representative, earned more than $$51\mathrm{.}5$ million as a result of his lawsuit against the world's biggest drug maker and the record penalty the company must pay the U$.$S$.$ government for its massive marketing transgressions. Kopchinski used whistle$-$blowing, a$($n$)$ to bring attention to the problem.

a$.$ defensive stance toward social responsibility

b$.$ formal organizational dimension

c$.$ informal organizational dimension

d$.$ protective stance toward social responsibility

e$.$ reactive approach to social responsibility