Kindly find below some cases refer to Horizontal integration, please read each case carefully then: 1. Explain the type of used Horizontal integration 2.Suggest new type of Forward integration 3.Suggest new type of Backward integration

Case No (201) The Walt Disney Company was established in 1923 as an animation studio that later forayed into live-action film production, television and theme parks. After a slew of successful ventures till the early 21st century, it began to experience a stage of stagnation and was looking at ways to reinvent itself. Pixar started off as in 1986 with a contribution from Steve jobs as an American computer animation studio. In 1995 it produced its first film, Toy Story which marked the beginning of a successful foray into animation movie making. In 2006, Disney acquired Pixar in a $7.4 billion deal. Disney merged its existing expertise in 2D animation with the state of the art production value of Pixar and has since been able to consistently deliver great works in the movie-making business. Pixar retained its core values and did not allow Disney to change the winning culture that defined Pixar. The best of both organizations has thus come together to have become one of the biggest production houses in the world.

Case No (202) ACC (Associated Cement Companies) Cement expanded its coverage in the eastern part of India by acquiring Damodar Cement in 2005. It had earlier expanded in the ready-mix concrete plant section but this was the first expansion with regards to cement capacity. The chairman of ACC then described the merger as one that would bring in operating efficiencies, productivity, and economies of scale. The merger was said to increase the capacity by 1.5 lakh ton. Post the merger, ACC further invested $3 million on improving the grinding capacity and better utilization of raw materials in Damodar cement.

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