Labor is in decline and under fire from many angles.Globalization, financialization, outsourcing, trade agreements contributed towards lost of jobs to countries like Mexico, India, China etc.Many corporations moved their production and manufacturing to countries where labor is cheap.What can unions do under this present circumstances.Alternative directions for USA unions are summarized in Fig.13-1,page 471.The first option is Solidarity Unionism.This approach stipulates that unions should be more powerfulthrough solidarity and alliances, See page 470 to 473.The second approach is Socail movement Unionism, which rejects business unionism, Social movement unionism involves building strong coalitions with other communities to achieve social change, it wants to use social and political channelsand integrateworkers,family and community concerns through a whole worker mindset., see P473 to 475.The next approach is Employee ownership unionism, which holds that unions should own stock in the company with voting rights in corporate governance.Employees can participate in decision making at the highest level.See Page 475 to 476.

The other approaches includes efficiency enhancing unionism. This approach requires unions to be less adversarial or oppositional.It requires unions to be strategic business parners that can help business advance productivity, quality and competitiveness.Page476 to 477.The other approaches in this category is employee empowerment unionism. In this approach, unions negotiate processes rather than outcomes and then provide framework for greater employee autonomy,discretion and empowerment. The next approach is Associational Unionism, which holds that unions should not be about bargaining only. It seeks equity through minimum standards, flexibility,multiple forms representation and networks based on multiple concerns.

1 Where do you see the USA Labor relations and Unions in the next ten years.