Question: Lagoon Inc. is a multinational firm whose stable cash flows have attracted the attention of Bayou Capital, a private equity firm specialized in leveraged buyouts.

Lagoon Inc. is a multinational firm whose stable cash flows have attracted the attention of Bayou Capital, a private equity firm specialized in leveraged buyouts. An analyst at Bayou Capital has made the following projections for the next five years (all numbers in millions):

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Sales

2100

2200

2310

2410

2505

- COGS

700

730

765

800

835

- SG&A

800

840

880

920

960

- Depreciation

200

210

220

230

240

= EBIT

400

420

445

460

470

- Tax

140

147

155.75

161

164.5

= NOPAT

260

273

289.25

299

305.5

+ Depreciation

200

210

220

230

240

- Capex

215

220

225

230

235

- Change in NWC

5

5

5

5

5

= FCF

240

258

279.25

294

305.5

If the firm was unlevered, its cost of equity would be 12%. The risk-free rate is 4% and the cost of debt is 8%. The firms marginal tax rate is 35%. After year five, the firms free cash flow is projected to grow at a rate of 3% per year. The firm will also stop paying down its debt and its debt will grow at the same rate as its free cash flow. The firms schedule of borrowings and principal repayments is as follows:

Year 0

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Debt outstanding at year-end

2750

2590

2395

2155

1875

1560

Principal repayment at year-end

160

195

240

280

315

  1. What logical mistake did the analyst make in the projection of capital expenditures?

  2. Ignoring the above mentioned mistake, perform an APV valuation of the Lagoon Inc LBO. Start by calculating the unlevered firm value, then add interest tax shields and subtract net flotation costs.

  3. What is the capital structure of this LBO?

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