Lean Operation is defined as a flexible system that uses minimal resources and produces high-quality goods and services. There are 11 characteristics of a lean system (page 610). Define/describe those 11 characteristics and how EACH would benefit an auto manufacturing facility.

Waste reductionA hallmark of lean systems

Continuous improvementAnother hallmark; never-ending efforts to improve

Use of teamsCross-functional teams, especially for process improvement

Work cellsAlong with cellular layouts, they allow for better communication and use of people

Visual controlsSimple signals that enable efficient flow and quick assessment of operations

High qualityIn suppliers' parts, in processes, and in output

Minimal inventoryExcess inventory is viewed as a waste

Output tied to demandThroughout the entire system; referred to as "demand pull"

Quick changeoversEnables equipment flexibility and output variety without disruption

Small lot sizesEnables variety for batch production

Lean cultureThe entire organization embraces lean concepts and strives to achieve them