Lean production aims to: a) Maximize resource utilization b) Minimize customer satisfaction c) Reduce waste and increase efficiency d) Maximize production batch sizes

Which inventory management model aims to find the balance between carrying costs and ordering costs? a) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b) Just-In-Time (JIT) c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) d) Total Quality Management (TQM)

Which type of production layout arranges workstations in a U-shape to enhance communication and efficiency? a) Process layout b) Fixed-position layout c) Cellular layout d) Product layout

Six Sigma methodology aims to: a) Maintain consistent production volume b) Reduce variability and defects in processes c) Maximize lead times in the supply chain d) Minimize employee training costs

Which of the following is a primary objective of capacity planning? a) Maximizing demand b) Reducing lead times c) Minimizing inventory levels d) Meeting customer demand efficiently

The "Theory of Constraints" focuses on: a) Maximizing efficiency in all processes b) Identifying and improving the most constrained process in a system c) Increasing the number of workstations in a production line d) Minimizing process variability

Which type of production process is characterized by producing a large number of standardized products? a) Job production b) Batch production c) Mass production d) Continuous production

Which metric is used to measure the efficiency of a production process by comparing actual output to the maximum possible output? a) Capacity utilization rate b) Lead time c) Cycle time d) Efficiency ratio

Which quality management tool is used to identify the most important causes of a problem through data analysis? a) Scatter plot b) Ishikawa (fishbone) diagram c) Control chart d) Pareto chart

A Gantt chart is primarily used for: a) Analyzing defects in a production process b) Determining inventory levels c) Scheduling and tracking project tasks d) Measuring machine downtime

Which of the following is an example of preventative maintenance? a) Repairing equipment after it breaks down b) Replacing a part of a machine after it fails c) Regularly inspecting and servicing equipment to prevent breakdowns d) Realigning a production line after a defect is detected

Which technique is used to prioritize items based on their importance and impact on overall goals? a) ABC analysis b) Kaizen c) Kanban d) JIT production

Which inventory cost includes storage, handling, and insurance expenses? a) Holding cost b) Ordering cost c) Shortage cost d) Setup cost

A project's critical path is: a) The shortest path to complete the project b) The longest path through the project network c) The path with the highest-cost activities d) The path that requires the fewest resources

Which type of quality control involves inspecting a sample of products to determine if they meet specifications? a) Statistical process control b) Total Quality Management (TQM) c) Six Sigma d) Acceptance sampling

What does the "Pareto principle" (80/20 rule) state in operations management? a) 20% of defects cause 80% of problems b) 80% of defects cause 20% of problems c) 80% of sales come from 20% of customers d) 20% of sales come from 80% of customers

A "push" production strategy is characterized by: a) Producing goods based on actual customer orders b) Producing goods in anticipation of customer demand c) Directly delivering goods to the customer d) Minimizing lead times in the supply chain

Which concept refers to the practice of locating production facilities closer to the source of raw materials? a) Offshoring b) Outsourcing c) Nearshoring d) Homeshoring

Which of the following is an advantage of a decentralized supply chain? a) Centralized decision-making b) Lower transportation costs c) Increased responsiveness to local customer needs d) Reduced risk of disruptions

Which method is used to calculate the total time required to complete a project? a) Just-In-Time (JIT) b) PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) c) ABC analysis d) Kanban system

In the context of project management, scope creep refers to: a) A project that is behind schedule b) An increase in the project's budget c) Unapproved changes or additions to a project's scope d) A project that exceeds its expected quality standards

Which type of layout is most suitable for industries that produce customized products in small quantities? a) Product layout b) Process layout c) Cellular layout d) Fixed-position layout

Which of the following is NOT a key element of supply chain management? a) Demand forecasting b) Inventory management c) Marketing strategy d) Supplier relationship management

What is the primary goal of inventory management? a) Maximize inventory levels b) Minimize stockouts c) Minimize carrying costs d) Minimize demand forecasting errors

Which inventory management approach involves setting inventory levels based on historical demand patterns and lead times? a) Just-In-Time (JIT) b) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) d) Six Sigma

Which term refers to a production process that combines aspects of both mass production and customized production? a) Lean production b) Agile production c) Flexible production d) Continuous production

The primary goal of process improvement methodologies like Six Sigma and Lean is to: a) Increase production volume b) Reduce costs at all levels c) Eliminate all sources of waste d) Improve quality and efficiency

What does the term "bottleneck" refer to in operations management? a) A stage of production with high capacity b) A stage of production with low capacity c) A stage of production with the least amount of waste d) A stage of production with the highest efficiency

Which approach involves sourcing goods and services from multiple suppliers to reduce the risk of supply disruptions? a) Single sourcing b) Dual sourcing c) Sole sourcing d) Offshoring

The "Hawthorne effect" suggests that: a) Workers are most productive when left unsupervised b) Workers are motivated solely by financial incentives c) Workers' performance can be influenced by attention and recognition d) Workers' performance is unrelated to working conditions

A Kanban system is used to: a) Determine the critical path in a project b) Monitor the progress of tasks in a project c) Control the flow of materials in a production process d) Estimate the expected time to complete a project

Which production strategy focuses on reducing the time between customer order and product delivery? a) Mass production b) Make-to-order production c) Make-to-stock production d) Batch production

Which of the following is an example of a qualitative forecasting technique? a) Moving average b) Exponential smoothing c) Delphi method d) Time series analysis

Which inventory model assumes that demand and lead times are constant and that stockouts are not allowed? a) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b) Just-In-Time (JIT) c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) d) ABC analysis

Which type of inventory includes raw materials and components used in production? a) Work-in-progress inventory b) Finished goods inventory c) Safety stock inventory d) Raw materials inventory

Which type of forecasting method uses past data and assigns different weights to different time periods? a) Moving average b) Exponential smoothing c) Linear regression d) Delphi method

The "5S" methodology in Lean management focuses on: a) Reducing waste through continuous improvement b) Organizing the workplace for efficiency and safety c) Increasing inventory levels for better supply chain management d) Eliminating variability in processes

Which type of quality control aims to identify defects at the earliest stage of production? a) Incoming inspection b) In-process inspection c) Final inspection d) Outgoing inspection

What is the primary goal of a Kanban system in operations management? a) Maximizing production output b) Minimizing setup times c) Balancing workloads across workstations d) Achieving a smooth flow of materials and information

Which concept refers to the practice of moving production back to the company's home country from a foreign location? a) Offshoring b) Nearshoring c) Homeshoring d) Outsourcing

Which type of quality control technique is used to monitor the stability and consistency of a process over time? a) Control chart b) Scatter plot c) Pareto chart d) Ishikawa (fishbone) diagram

The "bullwhip effect" is often caused by: a) Efficient communication in the supply chain b) Smooth customer demand patterns c) Lack of coordination and information sharing among supply chain partners d) Rapid production processes

Which type of layout is used when producing large quantities of identical products? a) Process layout b) Cellular layout c) Fixed-position layout d) Product layout

Which of the following is an advantage of a centralized supply chain? a) Faster response to local customer demands b) Reduced risk of supply disruptions c) Lower transportation costs d) Increased agility in decision-making

Which of the following is NOT a component of the DMAIC process used in Six Sigma? a) Define b) Measure c) Analyze d) Implement