Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter you should be able to do the following:

Describe the difference in atomic$/$molecular structure between crystalline and noncrystalline materials.

Draw unit cells for face$-$centered cubic, bodycentered cubic, and hexagonal close$-$packed crystal structures.

Derive the relationships between unit cell edge length and atomic radius for face$-$centered cubic and body$-$centered cubic crystal structures.

Compute the densities for metals having facecentered cubic and body$-$centered cubic crystal structures given their unit cell dimensions.

Given three direction index integers, sketch the direction corresponding to these indices within a unit cell.

Specify the Miller indices for a plane that has been drawn within a unit cell.

Describe how face$-$centered cubic and hexagonal close$-$packed crystal structures may be generated by the stacking of close$-$packed planes of atoms.

Distinguish between single crystals and polycrystalline materials.

Define isotropy and anisotropy with respect to material properties.