Let's assume a software program for the navigation on an armored vehicle has 100 defects in it. Furthermore, you have the following data -- the cost of each verification action, the cost of fixing any defects found by the verification action, and the probability of finding defects by the verification action. According to the data, a program would conduct a Formal Inspection at the cost of $1000, the program would find 70% of the defects, and it would cost them at this stage of developing $500 per defect found to fix it. Assume any defects not found by the end of testing are released to operation and the soldiers discover the defects while using the vehicles in operations.    

Notice how the cost of fixing errors increases rapidly. This follows the well known relationship that the cost of fixing a defect grows exponentially as discussed in class.

	Cost to conduct method	Cost to fix defect
Walk-through	$500	$250
Formal inspection	$1,000	$500
Testing	$5,000	$1,000
Operation	-----	$10,000

Probability detect defect walk-through	0.40
Probability detect defect formal inspection	0.70
Probability detect defect testing	0.80

Questions:

1. Calculate the V&V action cost, cost to fix defects, and the total cost of the following V&V policies:

1. No V&V actions performed
2. All V&V actions performed
3. Only Formal Inspection and Testing performed
4. Only Testing performed