LEVEL AND FLOW MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL $(18)$

$1\mathrm{.}1$ What is a level transmitter, make use of an example illustrating how this is achieved on level measuring using ultrasonic principle.

$1\mathrm{.}2$ What is the difference between open channel flow and closed channel flow? How can you measure each.

$1\mathrm{.}3$ An orifice meter is a device used to measure the flow rate of fluids, including steam, by utilizing the differential pressure principle.

$1\mathrm{.}3\mathrm{.}1$ With the aid of a diagram, discuss how an orifice meter makes use of the differential pressure principle in measuring steam.

$(4)$

$1\mathrm{.}3\mathrm{.}2$ Discuss how you can best use Bernoulli's principle to calculate the pressure drop $(P)(3)$