Liability differs from other exposures because:

1. liability exposures are static across societies over time.

2. it is determined by individuals perception of a situation, which differs with every individual.

3. it is not determined by the courts and the laws.

4. all liability exposures can be measured in quantitative terms.

5. it is purely a creation of societal rules, which reflect social norms.

Which of the following can be defined as a failure to act reasonably, and that failure to act causes harm to others?

1. Negligence

2. Torts

3. Tortfeasor

4. Punitive

5. Vicarious

2. Under this doctrine, a plaintiff who assumed the risk or contributed to an accident through negligence is not barred from recovery if the defendant had the opportunity to avoid the accident but failed to do so. Identify this doctrine.

   1. Contributory negligence

   2. Assumption of risk

   3. Comparative negligence

   4. Last clear chance

   5. Stare decisis

2. Identify the doctrine that shifts the burden of proof from the plaintiff to the defendant.

   1. Contributory negligence

   2. Assumption of risk

   3. Res ipsa loquitur

   4. Last clear chance

   5. Comparative negligence

1. This is a situation in which the liability of one person may be based on the tort of another. An employer, for example, may be liable for damages caused by the negligence of an employee who is on duty. Identify this type of liability.

   1. Strict liability

   2. Vicarious liability

   3. Several liability

   4. Joint liability

   5. Assumption liability