Listed on the left below are examples of elements that should not be modeled, but should be represented in an estimate. On the right are some reasons for not including these elements in the estimating model. Match each item on the left with its reason for not being included in a model.

Studs whose costs are included in the unit price for drywall and the drywall sheets.

A high$-$rise building with identical floor plans for which the costs of the interior are established and fit out of one floor, so there is no benefit in modeling the interior elements of every floor.

$$ Low$-$cost items $($e$.$g$.,$ interior fit$-$out, drywall$)$

Details $($e$.$g$.,$ structural steel connection details, layers of the exterior wall, roof insulation details$)$

A$.$ These items have only a small cost impact, which will be insignificant when different options are evaluated.

B$.$ Elements that have a known cost don't need to be subdivided below the level of detail for which a unit cost has been established.

C$.$ Do not model elements for which a cost is known but which are not variable.

D$.$ These types of details are relatively insignificant and are factored into unit prices that are applied in the conceptual estimating effort.