1. Localcontainershipments forexportdeclined by 17.5% year-on-year during the second quarter of the year as port activity was impacted by international supply chain disruptions, load-shedding and flooding in KwaZulu-Natal, PwC SouthAfrica's 'SouthAfricaEconomic Outlook' report for 2022 states. Apart from the transient supply chain challenges experienced, South Africanportsare also challenged by operational inefficiencies. 
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3. Provide a discussion as to why this is so? Define and discuss these challenges.