Logistics may have either an external focus $($outbound logistics$)$ or a$($n$)$:

planning focus

purchasing focus

inbound focus

customer focus

Using Theory Y$,$ leadership can apply principles of management to improve employee motivation by:

having employees participate in goal$-$setting and the performance appraisal process

centralizing control and reducing the amount of delegation within the organization

narrowing the scope of an employee's responsibilities so they can focus on doing one job well