Lord's Paradox In this question, you will consider a statistical "paradox" (described in Frederic Lord's 1967 paper, "A paradox in the interpretation of group comparisons") and relate it to the potential outcomes framework. A large university is interested in investigating the effects on the students of the diet provided in the university dining halls and any sex difference in these effects. Various types of data are gathered. In particular, the weight of each student at the time of his arrival in September and his weight the following June are recorded. (Lord, 1967, p. 304) The table below presents a modified, simplified version of the problem, with a hypothetical sample of 10 students. Individual Sex Initial Weight Final Weight Gain Score 1 1 130 145 +15 2 1 130 145 +15 3 1 140 130 -10 4 1 150 140 -10 5 1 150 140 -10 6 0 140 145 +5 7 0 140 145 +5 8 0 150 170 +20 9 0 170 155 -15 10 0 170 155 -15 I b.) Which of the following could represent potential outcomes of interest in this study? Choose all that apply. Students, with and without treatment Diet, with and without treatment Gain score, with and without treatment Sex, with and without treatment Initial weight, with and without treatment Final weight, with and without treatment