M$.$O$.$S$.$T$.(20$ points$)$

a$.$ A worker picks up a pencil from a desk, walks two steps to a pencil sharpener on a wall, inserts the pencil into the sharpener $($loose fit$),$ cranks three times to sharpen the pencil, and then returns two steps to the desk. Provide the move sequence$($s$)$ and the normal time to perform this activity.

b$.$ The assembly operator walks three steps from her work bench to a small box of component parts on the floor and grabs a $1$ lb $.$ part from the box. The operator then returns to her work bench and places the part in a fixture, snapping it into place with heavy pressure. The operator then reaches to a tray on the work bench to grab a $6-$inch bolt and places it into a threaded hole on the part in the fixture, using five finger turns to tighten it in the hole. The operator then reaches to a ratchet wrench on the bench, places the wrench on the bolt, uses three wrist cranks to fully tighten the bolt, and sets the wrench aside on the bench. The operator then unsnaps the assembled part from out of the fixture, pushes it three feet along a roller conveyor next to her bench to the next workstation, then returns to her work bench. Provide the move sequence$($s$)$ and the normal time to perform this activity.

c$.$ What is the standard time to perform the activity described in $($b$)$ if the allowance factor is $10\%?$

d$.$ How could the process described in $($b$)$ be improved?