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Ethics (ethics)

The term ethics comes from Greek: to deon (appropriate, appropriate)

and logy (knowledge, study...); which means, in general terms, study or science

of moral duties or obligations. The object of study of Ethics is the object of the study

basis of duty and moral norms. The concept of ethics was coined by

Jeremiah Bentham in his work Ethics or the science of morals, where he offers a vision

novedosa de este discipline. For Bentham, ethics are mainly applied to it

scope of morals, that is, to those behaviors of man who are not part of the law

normative assumptions of existing law, actions which are not subject to control

public law.

Origin of the concept

The first allusion to the term ethics was made by Bentham in his work Science de la Morale (Paris, 1832). With her she wanted to endow her Utilitarist approach to ethical concept. Already Inmmanuel Kant (and before Baruch Spinoza), although from another totally different perspective, he had separated the religious faith and religious doctrine from the philosophical and ethical debate ("Criticism to Practical Reason" in 1788 and "Criticism of Customs Metaphysics" in 1785). Modern debate was imposed, and ethics ceased to be a religious or faith issue, to move on to the ambit of Substantial Reason. With Bentham we return again to "instrumental rationality", and to small non-ontological debate.

Objectives

Every professional is and must be subject to more or less stringent social controls than

they allow them to hold them very diverse responsibilities in relation to their actions, hence the need to establish ethical principles. Regardless of one's own conscience, which should be the one who else governs compliance with moral codes, there is a figure of professional schools to maintain, promote and defend ethics. They monitor compliance with certain levels of demand, competence and quality in the performance of their collegiate work. the State, by turning professional schools into corporations through legal mechanisms, encourages the way to maintain professional ethics. It entrusts them with public functions and empowers them to impose a certain discipline on all professionals belonging to this group.

Two requirements are required for professional action to be held accountable: independence and freedom. The professional must be independent at the time of making decisions and must be entirely free to execute them.

Ethics is of great interest to the professional world, and specifically to professions that involve high social responsibility (doctors, lawyers, teachers, psychologists,

journalists, psychopedagogues, accountants, etc.). This ethos seeks a balance between a certain moral lifestyle (what we used to call it thos or moral character) and a high level of technical-scientific professionalism. This double dimension must be treated in harmony and balance for greater dignity of any work activity.

Ethics and professional ethics

These two terms are usually used as synonyms, but they are not. It is important to highlight the main differences between them:

Professional ethics

Duty-oriented

Good-oriented, good-oriented

It is not found in standards or codes of ethics, it is related to what the individual thinks (individual/professional consciousness).

Collection in "ethics" standards and codes

These rules and codes are minimal and approved by professionals of a particular professional group (journalists, doctors, lawyers, etc.)

Professionals in a particular collective are not required (journalists, doctors, lawyers, etc.)

It lies between morality and law

Part of applied ethics

One of the differences when we talk about "ethics" and "ethics" is that the first one makes direct reference to personal consciousness, while the second one adopts a model function of acting in the area of a community. Therefore, with the concrete and design of codes of ethics, in addition to self-regulating this profession, the following is invited to follow up on a very specific path and to provide ethical training for communicators.

Theoretically, we could differentiate two major groups: social ethics and individual ethics. Within individual ethics, too, an interpersonal ethic that is the one that governs the behavior we have in relation to other individuals. Here you can place ethics

professional as it governs the professional behaviour in his work. The principles governing the profession are obtained through methods similar to those of general ethics: dialogical, inductive and deductive. To know the ethical and moral foundation of an ethical code, study of professional activity is required in itself and the work of a philosopher who does not know the profession is not enough.

The ethics of professions are moved at the intermediate level of specific or "applied ethics". The professional is played in the exercise of his profession not only being a good or bad

professional but also his ethical being. It has not just been considered an ethically acceptable person who in all fields acted well and performed his duties less in the exercise of his professional responsibilities. The general ethics of professions are raised in terms of principles: the principle of charity, the principle of autonomy, the principle of justice and the principle of non-maleficence.

Ethical issues are raised by ethical issues in terms of norms and duties.

The reasons why ethics reflection is important are:

~the need to reassure users,

~the regulation of intrusisms,

~the need for the professional to achieve self-government and to acquire full decision-making capacity on his own, in order to achieve the goal

balance and integration of your personality into the achievement of good.

Both standards and principles are universal even if the scope of application of principles is broader and more general than the specific rules falling under that principle.

From a professional ethics perspective, the first criterion for judgement of professional performance will be whether achieved and how such goods are achieved and delivered (charitable principle). Since all professional performance is intended to address other persons, treating persons as such persons, respecting their dignity, autonomy and rights, would be the second criterion (principle of autonomy). Professional activities are carried out in a social field with multiple demands that need to be hierarchical and resources

more or less limited to administering justice criteria (principle of justice). And in any case, it will be necessary to avoid causing harm, not to harm anyone who may be involved or affected by a performance (non-maleful principle).

Ethical AXIOLOGY AND MODELS

Axiology or philosophy of values is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of values) and valuative judgements. the term axiology fue empleado por primera vez por peul leupie en 1902 y posteriormente por eduard von hartmanen 1908.la axiology not only deals with positive values, but also negative values, analyzing the principles that allow us to consider something to be valuable, and considering the foundations of such judgment. research into a theory of values has found a special application in ethics and aesthetics, areas where the concept of value has a specific relevance. some philosophers such as the Heinrich rickert or max scheler have made different proposals to develop an appropriate hierarchy of values