make this more friendly The Fourth Amendment constrains searches by public school officials, adapting to the school environment through a standard lower than probable cause. Building on the Supreme Court's student-search jurisprudence, Texas practice follows the reasonable-suspicion test: a search must be justified at its inception by specific, articulable facts and must be reasonable in scope given the student's age, sex, and the nature of the suspected infraction (Walsh Orman, 2022). Within this framework, administrators may inspect lockers, backpacks, and vehicles when individualized facts indicate a potential rule or law violation, and they may use neutral, minimally intrusive measures, such as metal detectors or canine sniffs, aimed at maintaining overall campus safety rather than gathering evidence (Walsh Orman, 2022).

The Fourth Amendment constrains searches by public school officials, adapting to the school environment through a standard lower than probable cause. Building on the Supreme Court's student-search jurisprudence, Texas practice follows the reasonable-suspicion test: a search must be justified at its inception by specific, articulable facts and must be reasonable in scope given the student's age, sex, and the nature of the suspected infraction (Walsh Orman, 2022). Within this framework, administrators may inspect lockers, backpacks, and vehicles when individualized facts indicate a potential rule or law violation, and they may use neutral, minimally intrusive measures, such as metal detectors or canine sniffs, aimed at maintaining overall campus safety rather than gathering evidence (Walsh Orman, 2022)