Question: make this quantitative research a Reference BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY School discipline policies play a crucial role in shaping the overall learning environment and guiding

make this quantitative research a Reference

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY School discipline policies play a crucial role in shaping the overall learning environment and guiding student behavior. As schools strive to maintain order and promote effective learning, the implementation of clear and consistent discipline policies is seen as essential to achieving these goals. In recent years, educators and policymakers have debated the most appropriate forms of discipline, weighing the benefits and drawbacks of various approaches. At San Pedro Apartado National High School, the administration regularly reviews its discipline policies to ensure they are aligned with the school's objectives and the needs of its students. Research from the United States and Europe highlights the impact of different disciplinary approaches on student outcomes. For example, Skiba and Peterson (2000) found that zero-tolerance policies, while intended to reduce misconduct, often lead to increased suspensions and negative long-term effects on students. Meanwhile, restorative practices-such as mediation and dialogue-have been linked to improved relationships within the school and better behavior (Fronius et al., 2016). These studies suggest that discipline policies not only affect individual students but also influence the overall school climate and academic success. In the Philippines, several studies have examined the effects of school discipline on students. According to Cajigal (2018), schools using positive and preventive discipline strategies witnessed a decline in cases of bullying and classroom disruptions. Additionally, a study by Dela Cruz and Gonzales (2019) observed that collaborative discipline invelving teachers, students, and parents fosters a sense of responsibility and respect among students. These local findings emphasize the importance of context-specific discipline policies that reflect Filipino values and community involvement. Given the significance of school discipline in shaping student behavior, it is important to assess the effectiveness of existing policies at San Pedro Apartado National High School. This study seeks to understand how these policies influence students' attitudes, relationships, and academic performance. By evaluating their impact, the research aims to provide recommendations for policy improvement, ultimately fostering a more positive and productive educational environment. The findings will benefit not only school administrators but also teachers, students, and parents who are stakeholders in promoting discipline and holistic student development

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