Making a Research proposal by including:

1. Introduction ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
2. Background Issue ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
3. Objectives ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
4. Hypothesis/Research Question ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
5. Literature Review ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
6. Methodology (What is going to figure out, theories/approaches, ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
7. Research Approach (data collection methods) ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
8. Theories ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
9. Methods of data collection ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
10. Analyze ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
11. Timeframe ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
12. Resources/Budgeting ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
13. Report writing ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
14. Disseminating ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
15. Conclusion ( Include in-text references using APA7style)
16. References ( Include in-text references as well as full academic references using APA7style)

Detailed information is provided below:

State research topic that is "A qualitative literature review on "Investigate the challenges and opportunities associated with providing healthcare services in rural and remote areas".

Provide anintroductionto the research - justification for the research;research questionsare below (at least 5 questions are recommended) which are as follows : Below are research questions:

1. What are the main obstacles to delivering healthcare in isolated and rural areas?

2. What creative delivery strategies have been put forth to deal with these issues?

3. To what extent may telemedicine technologies enhance healthcare outcomes and accessibility in remote and rural areas?

4. Which policy frameworks have been put into place or are being considered to improve healthcare outcomes and access in these areas?

5. What are the research gaps that need to be filled, and how might further studies fill these gaps?

*A brief, critical review of the literature.answers in brief which I write in my previous literature review, I try to summarize below are;

Literature Review:

Challenges in Rural Healthcare:

• Geographical constraints and limited access to healthcare facilities (McGrail & Humphreys, 2009).
• Shortages of healthcare professionals impacting service delivery (Kringos et al., 2010).
• Transportation barriers, technological limitations, and socioeconomic disparities (Gizaw et al., 2022).

Innovative Delivery Strategies:

• Community health worker programs for rural areas (Farmer et al., 2014).
• Mobile health clinics to reach distant populations (Lutfiyya et al., 2012).
• Telemedicine for specialized consultations in remote areas (Mehrotra et al., 2017).

Policy Frameworks:

• Expansion of insurance coverage to improve access (Gamm et al., 2010).
• Policy interventions addressing labor shortages (Ricketts, 2000).
• World Health Organization's Framework on Integrated, People-Centered Health Services (2016) prioritizing community involvement and technology utilization.

Research Gaps and Future Directions:

• Effects of cultural competency on patient outcomes in remote areas.
• Scalability and sustainability of telemedicine and novel delivery models (Pathak et al., 2018).
• Impact of environmental variables and community-based interventions on health equity.

Theoretical Framework: The review adopts a social determinants framework, drawing from the health belief model and social ecology model. This paradigm considers individual, community, and structural factors that shape health outcomes, offering a comprehensive understanding of healthcare access in rural settings.

Discussion of methodology

o The data collection methods and justification for those methods: the specific instruments used to collect the data (for example, interviews, questionnaires, observation, focus groups etc). Remember, you don't have to use all of the methods, you just need to choose the one(s) that are most suitable for your chosen topic

o Sampling - what sampling strategy would you use; sample size (for this study, it is limited to between 0 - 10 participants); how will you recruit your sample (that is, how will you get access to the sample) etc

o Analysis of the data - explain how you plan to analyse the data. Since most qualitative data would be coded and categorised, it would be useful to explain how you would go about doing this - what would you be looking for? For example, based on your particular topic and research questions, you might expect certain themes to emerge (you should have an idea of these from your review of the literature) and these themes can be discussed as examples during your discussion of the coding process.

Particular techniques of data analysis recommended by your theoretical framework,

o Ethical implications - Discuss how you will ensure that your research conforms to research ethics.

o Conclusion - Conclude the discussion.

References

Including heading as well as subheading