Management by objectives is a management technique often used by middle managers to develop and carry out operational plans.

	True
	False

Which of the following steps in planning increases the scope of adaptability of a plan?

	Maintaining flexibility in planning
	Developing commitment to goals
	Developing long-term action plans
	Tracking progress toward goal achievement

Daniel has started a small shoe manufacturing company. He has a tight budget and does not want the best equipment at the moment, so he is using equipment that is good enough to work with. In this scenario, Daniel is _____.

	maximizing
	discounting
	specializing
	satisficing

Planning encourages persistence even when there may be little chance of short-term success.

	True
	False

Clarespharm, a pharmaceutical company, wants to be the market leader in the country of Jefnamia by the end of the next fiscal year. To start working toward this goal, the marketing department of Clarespharm sets targets for the marketing teams. Which of the following is ideally the next step for achieving Clarespharm's goal to be the market leader?

	Developing effective action plans
	Tracking progress toward goal achievement
	Developing commitment to the goal
	Maintaining flexibility in planning

The managers at Richellath follow standing plans that broadly define the action that needs to be taken when their subordinates do not meet deadlines. These plans also discuss the intended outcome of the given action. The standing plans in this scenario can be referred to as _____.

	policies
	heuristics
	prototypes
	artifacts

Carolyn, a designer at Logisign, was not given the promotion she was expecting during the annual performance appraisal. She took this personally and got into an argument with her supervisor. In this scenario, the disagreements between Carolyn and her supervisor can best be classified as _____ conflict.

	a-type
	cognitive
	c-type
	constructive